Travelers In The Night

On Earth plants provide us with medicines, food to eat, and oxygen to breathe. In the future, in addition to providing treats like strawberries it turns out that tending to the needs vegetables and watching them grow can help space travelers cope with the psychological stresses produced by the confinement experienced on long space missions.

Travelers In The Night from outer space are closer than you may imagine. If you were to go straight up more than 4 miles you would need supplementary oxygen to stay conscious. At 50 - 70 miles, the realm of meteors, humans require a full space suit to survive.During the year, there are a dozen major meteor showers. Check out the American Meteor Society website for a complete listing.

The race to explore the Moon by robots and eventually human lunar colonists is on. Near the lunar south pole human space colonists could use solar energy to power equipment and keep warm, manufacture needed items, and most importantly have water to drink as well as to use a raw material.

Several years ago the NASA funded Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research Program discovered an SUV sized asteroid which comes closer to Earth than about 1/6 of the distance to the Moon. It was2011 MD's mass and size make it a good candidate for NASA's plans to use a robotic space craft to intercept and redirect a small asteroid into an orbit around our Moon.named 2011 MD. It remained a minor curiosity until the Spitzer Space Telescope spotted it again.

In the American southwest we welcome the Monsoon rainy season during which the Earth receives much needed moisture. However, after six weeks of clouds, thunder, rain, hail, and lightning asteroid hunters are glad to be on the sky again.

Imagine holding a rock as old as our solar system that has traveled billions of miles through space to reach its present location. It might even be worth real money. We are talking about a meteorite that you have just discovered.

In a most amazing turn of events, an international team of astronomers have published research in the Journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters which indicates that the a 3.9 Billion year old rock brought back by Apollo 14 astronauts is actually a lunar meteorite which originated on planet Earth.

2014 LJ21 is an asteroid, its brightness suggests that it is about 1 and a quarter miles in diameter. This estimate is based on the assumption that it reflects about 15% of the Sun light which strikes it. The impact of an asteroid this size would likely cause global climate change.

The Phoenicids are a minor meteor shower which was discovered by the first Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition on December 5, 1956. To spot the illusive Phoenicids for yourself plan to observe during their expected peak which occurs around December 5/6 each year.

RADAR observations of asteroids and comets are an important way to measure an objects size, shape, and rate of spin. The precise distance measurements they provide make it possible to predict an object's path far into the future and thus determine if it is a risk to planet Earth.

Imagine how strange and wonderful it would be to witness such an event. When the impacting object hit it produced huge boulders, which held loosely by Phobos's weak gravity, continued to roll around and around this tiny moon, bouncing and leaping over small surface depressions for hours after the impact.

Our Moon is the only other world whose surface can be easily viewed by humans. The 59% of its surface visible from Earth is about 53 times the area of the state of California. It has a fascinating landscape which continues to impress observers.You can use a small telescope or binoculars to view lava flows, mountains, craters, walls, wrinkle ridges, rays, and rills on our Moon.

The Chinese, Chang'e 4 made a soft landing on the far side of the Moon where it is impossible to have direct radio communications with the Earth. Its companion Yutu rover whose name means "Jade Rabbit" is making scientific measurements and sending back spectacular images of the virtually unexplored part of the Moon .In the meantime China is preparing Chang'e 5 which is designed to bring lunar samples back to Earth.

The planet Jupiter is less important to us than the Earth, Sun, and Moon. However, it hold clues about the formation of our solar system and does send some comets towards us while causing others to miss our home planet.

On October 7, 2018 the moonless night sky became 25% brighter and reached the point where it is at a small light polluted city, all without human intervention. A check of the spaceweather.com website shows that from October 7 to 11 the Earth had experienced a geomagnetic storm when a canyon shaped hole in the Sun's atmosphere turned towards Earth projecting a stream of charged particles into our direction.

An unknown, quarter of a mile diameter asteroid, reached its furthest distance from the Sun on June 17, 2012. It brightened 10,000 times as it approached and crossed the Earth's orbit.Fortunately it never gets closer to the Earth than about 18 times the distance to our Moon. We will continue to observe to make sure that it does not become on an impact trajectory with the Earth as it passes other objects in space.

In 2018 there were 15 Meteorite Fall Events for which observers saw a fireball streaking across the sky which then led to the discovery of pieces of the celestial visitor on the ground. Amazingly two of the 2018 space rock fragments, called hammers, struck man made objects or structures. If find one, your reward will be the opportunity to hold a space visitor, older than the Earth, in your very own hand.

On November 12, 2007, Alex Gibbs, using the NASA funded Catalina Sky Survey Schmidt telescope, discovered a bright fast moving asteroid. It was then observed by telescopes in Italy, England, Arizona, California, and Australia and given the name 2007 VK184. This asteroid created a considerable amount of interest since, until recently, it posed the most significant threat of Earth impact of any known object for the next 100 years. In March of 2014 Dr. David Tholen used the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii to detect and track 2007 VK184. His observations, the first in more than 5 years, were used to calculate a new orbit. Fortunately, the new path poses no treat to the Earth and indicates that this asteroid will never get closer to us than about 6 times the distance to our Moon.

From the naked eye to the Hubble Space telescope each advance has enabled new astronomical discoveries. We have thus begun to understand our place in the Universe. Perhaps new discoveries will be made from the lunar surface having 1/6 of Earth's gravity making it easier to build giant telescopes, no air to degrade images, and on the far side no artificial signals to obscure faint celestial sources.

As it approached the Earth's orbit , a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid literally came out of nowhere as it brightened 250 times in 15 days. On May 5, 2014, the NASA funded Catalina Sky Survey 60 inch telescope on Mt. Lemmon, AZ detected it. It was the fastest brightest asteroid I had ever seen. Fortunately, its orbit never brings it closer than about 4 times the distance to our Moon. We will need to keep track of it since the situation may change as it encounters other objects in space.